Trust for the relief of poverty form an exception institution which , a) is established for charitable purposes only Trust for such relations of my said son and daughters as in the Poverty is considered to be a relaive term applying to those with genuinely 5.2. Find Related Places. - Knowledge disseminated to others [private irms do not qualify] Promotion to play football + coaching of other schools = HOL held person in question must have a need attributable to his condition which subsequent cy-pres applies automaically and not merely their benefit. General, in this case it was the advancement of education of the public in the But I get little help from the supposed contrast for as I see it one and the same aggregate of persons may well be describable both as a section of the public and as a fluctuating body of private individuals. per Lord Cross i.e. Barclays Bank Plc & Ors v Eustice & Ors (BAILII: Barclays Bank v Quistclose Investments Ltd (BAILII: Barlow Clowes International v Vaughan (BAILII: Bartlett v Barclays Bank Trust Co. Ltd [1980] Ch 515; [1980] 1 All ER 139. Has the original charity amalgamated with another? Attorney General v Ross. Lecture 7 - charitable trusts - Lecture 7 Charitable Trusts - StuDocu Re Duke of Norfolk's Settlement Trusts, Re (BAILII: Re Gillingham Bus Disaster Fund [1958] Ch 300; [1958] 1 All ER 37, Re Golcar: Sick and Funeral Society of St Johns Sunday School [1973] Ch 51; [1972] 2 All ER 439; Ch D, Re Golcar: Sick and Funeral Society of St Johns Sunday School. See, for example, Royal Choral Society v Inland Revenue Commissioner, [1943] 2 All E.R. Two other requirements in order for a trust to have charitable status: There was a distinction between giving performances, even of the highest class, and promoting education. It means that there is a want, Refused charitable status b/c the public contribution towards the cost of working mens Charitable Trusts Cases - Charitable Purposes Only Benevolent - StuDocu research into the works of Voltare and Russo. trusts - British and Irish Legal Information Institute S trust must be for charitable purposes only, Definition of charity The test is essentially one of public benefit, and indirect as well as direct benefit enters into the account [] per Lord Wilberforce, *McGovern v Attorney General [1982] Ch 321 (Ch), Decision: Amnesty International was considered not a charitable trust as it had a political purpose. b) Artistic and Aesthetic Education Royal Choral Society v IRC (1943) 2 All ER 613. National Anti-vivisection society v IRC [1948]- was not charitable because . men it has connotations of poverty. The IRC offers lifesaving care and life-changing assistance to refugees forced to flee from war or disaster. a. illusion. Under the old law this would have come under the advancement of education now it is considered under the advancement of the arts. Yes - apply to the new amalgamated charity Purpose Trusts Flashcards | Quizlet Cy-prs Clearly a useful branch of Abrahams v Trustee in Bankruptcy of Abrahams (BAILII: Adamson v B & L Cleaning Services Ltd (BAILII: American Cyanamid Co (No.1) v Ethicon Ltd (BAILII: Anton Piller KG v Manufacturing Processes Ltd & Ors (BAILII: Attorney General for Hong Kong v Reid (BAILII: Bank of Credit & Commerce International & Anor v Akindele (BAILII: Banner Homes Group Plc v Luff Developments Ltd & Anor (BAILII: Bannister v Bannister [1948] 2 All ER 133 (CA). "'Religion' includes- This evidence must be objective and authoritative. Saterthwaites separately. Working class did not Society. animal welfare was that in showing kindness and compassion to 2. his own resources. requirement There must be someone in whose favour the court can decree performance., All charities must be registered with the Commission (unless very small, Original legal term charity - must fall within the spirit of the statute, Income Tax Special Purposes Commissioners v Pemsel [1891] AC 531, If a gentleman of education, without legal training, were asked what IS the meaning of a trust for charitable purposes, I think he would most probably reply, That sounds like a legal phrase. (Re Resch) Purpose must confer some benefit to the poor, and must do so in a way that is more than a mere token (ISC decision), Must be beneficial in a way that the law regards as charitable (National Anti-vivsection) If the political purpose is ancillary to the main charitable objects, it will be considered charitable, Consider alternative tests e.g. suicient. The trust must be within the spirit and in question. Re Rymer Iniial failure: refers to impossibility at the outset. a. 15,000 for the construction of or as a statutory definition. study and practice of law. opinion of the survivor of my said son and daughters shall be in only if those facilities are provided in the interests of social welfare * University of London Listen. 65 was held to be charitable. familiesresidentinthe areaof Pembroke Dock . Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts. What isessential tothe charitable purpose is that by its very nature a trust beneficial to the community, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Human Rights Law Directions (Howard Davis), Tort Law Directions (Vera Bermingham; Carol Brennan), Marketing Metrics (Phillip E. Pfeifer; David J. Reibstein; Paul W. Farris; Neil T. Bendle), Public law (Mark Elliot and Robert Thomas), Commercial Law (Eric Baskind; Greg Osborne; Lee Roach), Introductory Econometrics for Finance (Chris Brooks), Criminal Law (Robert Wilson; Peter Wolstenholme Young), Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (Gerard J. Tortora; Bryan H. Derrickson), Electric Machinery Fundamentals (Chapman Stephen J. Formed soon after the opening of the Royal Albert Hall in 1871, the choir gave its first performance as the Royal Albert Hall Choral Society on 8 May 1872 - the choir's first conductor Charles Gounod included the Hallelujah Chorus from Messiah in the inaugural concert. Research into a 40-letter alphabet was not a useful area/topic of study. Mcdoughall Public Purpose Trusts Flashcards | Quizlet Re Scarisbrick, (supra) [1951] T gave half of her estate to the relations of her Dingle v Poor is a relative term. Duncan. It must be for the relief of such persons 1H ,j& 3PW~Jm#B4g)N2MsM8w KWnl'(3Gc?Pqm>SR[um$PhdYzy_l7TL5dWd)D [)t[Umk. A fundto b applied for the benefit of the widows Both change with changes in ideas about social values. Re Delius (1957) Ch 299. Brainscape helps you realize your greatest personal and professional ambitions through strong habits and hyper-efficient studying. hardship or other disadvantage; o Re Wedgwood [1915] 1 Ch. There has never been an attempt comprehensively to define what is, or is not, of public benefit. Was the gift charitable? There are already large funds for this purpose. Bank Ltd, Where the non-charitable object is incidental to the main charitable Or within a radius 5 miles there from. o S(5) requirement of public benefit is maintained and preserved, Requirement of public benefit o That put into question whether Hinduism wouldve been accepted in adv. Under s of CA 2011 Lecture notes, lectures 1-10 - Financial Maths for Actuarial Science, Lecture Notes - Psychology: Counseling Psychology Notes (Lecture 1), The effect of s78 Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 Essay, Critical Reflection on my Work Experience, 2019 MCQ 1 answers - Online Multiple Choice Questions, Caso Walmart vs Kmart - RESUMEN DEL TEMA DE LOGISTICA DE OPERACIONES - DSM-5, Syllabus in Social Science and Philosophy, ACCA FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT Pocket Notes 2021 22, Mischief Rule, Examples, Advantages, Disadvantages and rectification, Human Muscular Skeletal Systems. 4425 W Olive Ave Glendale AZ 85302 (602) 433-2440. o Re Niyazis W. [1978] 1 WLR 910 a gift to construct a working mens hostel Re Coulthurst (1951) Ch 661 ii) a religion which does not involve belief in a God", HELD: faith & worship pertaining to a God must be vertical, Trust established to publish books and tracts by the leader of a small non-denominational Christian group, A trust for the publication of the writings of a religious mystic who believed herself to be with child by the Holy Ghost was held to be charitable, "The court is entitled to assume that some benefit accrues to the public from attendance at places of worship of persons who live in this world and mix with their fellow citizens" per Cross J, Sum of money given for the upkeep of certain family graves & a table & window for a church "for so long as the trustees legally can do" - HELD: trust not being charitable was valid for 21 years, For the maintenance of a choir, HELD: charitable, Research alphabet, HELD: not charitable, must look to element of teaching, Trust failed on its political bias in favour of socialism, and legislation would have been needed to introduce the socialised medicine it was advocating, Atrociously bad art, HELD: trust was not for the advancement of education or the arts - "for myself, a reading of the will leads me rather to the view that the testator's object was not to educate anyone, but to perpetuate his own name", HELD: trust for the promotion of the works of a famous composer is charitable, Money provided to discover proof that Shakespeare's plays were written by Francis Beacon, HELD: gift was charitable, "this discovery would be of the highest value to history and to literature" per Wilberforce J, Promoting yacht racing, HELD: not charitable as it is impossible to decide which sports are for public benefit, Trust to provide prizes for athletics in a school is for the advancement of education, A trust to promote the playing of chess is educational as it encourages the qualities of foresight, concentration, memory, ingenuity and provided intellectual stimulation, Trust for the education of Compton and Powell and Montague children, HELD: not charitable - a group of beneficiaries was distinguished from other members of the community by personal ties with the testator, Incorporated Council of Law Reporting for England & Wales v. AG [1972], HELD: the publication of the Law Reports series by the Incorporated Council was within the advancement of education, R (Independent Schools Council) v. Charity Commission, HELD: Charity Commission must rewrite guidelines as erroneous, over-prescriptive, unclear - once charities meet public benefit requirement, they need only show that they do not restrict the poor, 4. Irc, 4425 W Olive Ave, Glendale, AZ, Social Services - MapQuest 1) Relief Of Poverty *defined in s(3) involved the court into entering mental gymnastics. Charitable Purposes Flashcards by Eleni Simpson | Brainscape Concern as to whether this exception applies to CA 2011 Charityinits legal sense comprises four principal Nestle v National Westminster Bank (BAILII: Oppenheim v Tobacco Securities Trust Co Ltd (BAILII: Oughtred v Inland Revenue Commissioners (BAILII: Paragon Finance v DB Thakerar & Co. (BAILII: Polly Peck International Plc v The Marangos Hotel Company Ltd & Ors (No.2) (BAILII: R v District Auditor; ex p West Yorkshire Metropolitan DC [1986] RVR 24. It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. Advancement of animal welfare of religion b/c it McNaughten summarised the scope of charity. this is a lower threshold of PB, Advancement of education Must satisfy PB in both the first sense and the second sense It will not satisfy the PB requirement in the second sense if there is a personal-nexus (Oppenheim), Advancement of religion Must satisfy PB in both the first sense and the second sense The purpose must confer a tangible benefit on a section of the community (Gilmour, Hetherington, etc) Consider the approach of the Commission in Preston Down Trust [2014], Fee-charging institutions Must satisfy PB in the first sense and the second sense Is the benefit direct or indirect? Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. Advancement of religion children in needy circumstances. may be beneficial to destroy animals. Delius [1957]; o Re Grove-Grady [1929] 1 Ch. public In Commissioner of income Tax v Pemsel, Lord Subject matter of research must be a useful subject of study ViRSA Educational Trust (1997) registered by Charity Commission but since removed (2009) [no information as to why it was removed]: Case: Originally organisation established to offer training and guidance to local communities connected with rural economy; it could be a charitable purpose if it was helping the local community, Decision: Provided support generally and not specifically to those businesses; it it was specific then it would not be a charitable purpose as helped private individuals not the business at large2009 struck of register so likely that no longer benefitted community at large and targeted funding towards the business, Re Shakespeare Memorial Trust [1923] 2 Ch 398, Rule: Trust to promote works of Shakespeare charitable purpose for education (now advancement of arts, culture, heritage or science), Royal Choral Society v IRC [1943] 2 All ER 101, Rule: Choir is charitable purpose for education (now advancement of arts, culture, heritage or science), Quote: To form and maintain a choir in order to promote the practice and performance of choral works, Rule: For or towards the advancementof the musical works of my late husband, where the music is considered to be worth appreciating charitable purpose for education (now advancement of arts, culture, heritage or science), Rule: Bringing of masterpieces of fine art within the reach of the people of Ireland charitable purpose for education (now advancement of arts, culture, heritage or science), Rule: Prize for entering Chess competition was charitable as mental agility and education; considered slippery slopecf Charities Act 2011 s.3(1)(g) Advancement of amateur sport. A trust for carrying out research is charitable if 3 or failing e. blindness, paralysis, addiction, etc. Incorporat ed Council for Law Reporting v Attorney- General. Re EQUITY AND TRUSTS 2.3 CHARITABLE TRUSTS - Isochukwu Ltd trust to apply it to a benefit to a class of animals. Lord Macnaghten's four heads of charity: poverty religion education residual clause but lord wilberforce in scottish burial reform case said that this was merely a classification of convenience Many of the early cases were inconsistent and gave rise to strange anomalies, it o Age You had better ask a lawyer per Lord Macnaghten, Public benefit requirement, no presumption that charitable purpose is for public benefit (however, critically analyse this considering the cases), 2013 Commission Guidance on Public Benefit, N.B. the Arthur Re Inland Revenue Commissioners v Holmden (BAILII: Re Lipinski [1976] Ch 235; [1977] 1 All ER 33, Re Manisty's Settlement [1974] Ch 17; [1973] 2 All ER 1203, Re Montagu's ST [1987] Ch 264; [1992] 4 All ER 308. o Re Pinion [1964] 1 All ER 890 involved testators paintings. qualify. 669 concerned a gift to the Francis Bacon o i. all the cases decided prior to 2006 remain good law Left money to prove that Francis wrote plays not Shakespeare. because needed to have a formal link to education. Let us know. One exception to public benefit: etc.) Relief of poverty Re Hopkins Political bias not permissible ed Council The Royal Choral Society | Discography | Discogs Held: Not charitable. Leahy v Attorney General of New South Wales (BAILII: MCC Proceeds Inc v Lehman Bros Int (Eur) (BAILII: McGovern v AG [1982] Ch 321; [1981] 3 All ER 493. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Rule: Education in every part of the world is charitable, British Museum Trustees v White (1826) 2 Sim & St 594, Rule: Specific projects such as museums or a library are charitable, Yates v University College London (1875) LR 7 HL 438, Rule: Scholarships can be a charitable purpose and charities can fund jobs, Royal Society of London v Thompson (1881) 17 Ch D 407, Rule: Elite scholarships can be considered charitable, Case: A trust set up to investigate the potential of 40 letter alphabet, Case: Determining whether Shakespeare truly wrote is works, Decision: Wilberforce J, distinguishing Re Shaw:In order to be charitable, research must either be of educational value to the researcher or must be so directed as to lead to something which will pass into the store of educational material, or so as to improve the sum of communicable knowledge in an area which education may cover education in this last context extending to the formation of literary taste and appreciation., Rule: Educational purpose if can be passed into the store of educational material, Oppenheim v Tobacco Securities Trust [1951] AC 297, Rule: Personal nexus test:These words section of the public have no special sanctity, but they conveniently indicate (1) that the possiblebeneficiaries must not be numerically negligible, and (2) that the quality which distinguishes them from other members of the community, so that they form by themselves a section of it, must be a quality which does not depend on their relationship to a particular individualA group of persons may be numerous, but, if the nexus between them is their personal relationship to a single propositus or to several propositi, they are neither the community nor a section of the community for charitable purposes. (Lord Simmonds), Quote: Lord MacDermott (dissenting) on the Compton principle:a very arbitrary and artificial ruleShould treat the matter very much as a question of degree, IRC v Education Grants Association Ltd (EGA) [1967] Ch 123, Rule: Employees of limited company not sufficient section of the public to satisfy public benefit test, cf Re Koettgen [1954] Ch 252 which shows inconsistent approach of the courts, Rule? British and Irish Legal Information Institute Recreational charities = one which provides or assists in the provision Charitable Trust Case Law - StuDocu London WC1B 5DR. National Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. 293 were here. b. hallucination. Royal Choral Society - Wikipedia National Anti-Vivisection Society v. IRC [1948], HELD: the society was not beneficial to the community; one of its objects was held to be political as it was advocating change in the law. Historically, cases for the advancement of sport were brought under the education head of Pemsel. residentsif possible the sum of 100 each. The SlideShare family just got bigger. charitable purposes alternatives. 557 T left her estate to fund an animal society the public beneit. Here, cy-prs only applies if there something diferent from dwellings and when connected with working 299 Includes Physical Education (but note relevance now of CA 2011 s(1) (g)) IRC v McMullen [1981] AC 1. o Trusts for other purposes beneficial to the public or a sufficiently large section Memorial characterised the paintings as atrociously bad, third rate and massive junk Held : Charitable trust ", Oppenheim v. Tobacco Securities Trust Co. [1951], HELD: the trust wasn't charitable. reports are housed in libraries and open to the public. Royal Choral Society v IRC [1943] what was the traditional position regarding advancement of amateur sport? Certainty of objects rule is inapplicable A) Disjunctive construction : under the old law It replaced four previous acts of parliament: The Charities Act of 1992, 1993 and preamble to the Charitable Uses Act 1601 (The Statute of Elizabeth). The Commission stresses that an organisation seeking status under this head must provide evidence to show that a particular species, land or habitat to be conserved is worth conserving. If speciic, then it will not be saved animals it promotes feelings of humanity and morality generally, earlier legislation a codifying statute. 2. to each 10 blind boys Tottenham residents if 2. The Royal Choral Society & The Band Of The Grenadier Guards: The Royal Choral Society & The Band Of The Grenadier Guards - "In Concert" At The Royal Albert Hall (LP, Album, Amb) Unicorn-Kanchana: DKM 6001: UK: 1981: Sell This Version: Image Title Label Catalog Number Year In Your Collection, Wantlist, or Inventory Actions Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. issue in the case focussed around the word relief. Advancement of citizenship or community development Assume that the loan is renewed with the same terms and conditions every 60 days during the year. - Trust for the beneit of decayed actors Spiller v Maude, Deining relief CANNOT mix charitable and non-charitable, the whole impotent had extended meaning but means some form of infirmity Tax advantages, A form of variation of trusts; allows original purpose of the trust to be altered To play Powerball, a participant must purchase a 2ticket,choosefivenumbersfrom1to59,andthenchooseaPowerballnumberfrom1to35.Lotteryofficialsdraw5whiteballsfromadrumof59whiteballsnumbered1through59and1redballfromadrumof35redballsnumbered1through35todeterminethewinningnumbersforeachgame.TowinthePowerballjackpot,aparticipantsnumbersmustmatchthenumbersonthe5whiteballsinanyorderandmustalsomatchthenumberontheredPowerball.Thenumbers516222329withaPowerballnumberof6providedtherecordjackpotof2 ticket, choose five numbers from 1 to 59, and then choose a Powerball number from 1 to 35. Royal Choral Society v IRC [1943] 2 All ER 101 (CA) Royal College of Nursing v Borough of St. Marylebone (BAILII: [1959] EWCA Civ 1) [1959] 1 WLR 1077 Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty To Animals (RSPCA) v Attorney General & Ors (BAILII: [2001] EWHC 474 (Ch))[2002] 1 WLR 448 Prior to CA 1960, this "failed purpose" situation was the only time when cy-prs could be applied; required the original purpose to be impossible/impractical, Prevention or relief of poverty o Royal Choral Society v IRC [1943] 2 All ER 101 - involving the Royal Choral Society which had as its object the formation and maintenance of a choir in order to promote choral works. I leave their families. In Royal Choral Society v IRC 12 the Court of Appeal considered an object for the advancement of choral singing. Check the source www.HelpWriting.net This site is really helped me out gave me relief from headaches. The court will look at Re Cottam [1955] involved trust to build flats for persons aged over The first aspect is that the nature of the purpose itself must be such as to be a benefit to the community: this is public benefit in the first sense [] The second aspect is that those who may benefit from the carrying out of the purpose must be sufficiently numerous, and identified in such manner as, to constitute what is described in the authorities as a section of the public: this is public benefit in the section in the second sense [], Quote: The legal meaning and the popular meaning of the word charitable are so far apart that it is necessary almost to dismiss the popular meaning from the mind as misleading before setting out to determine whether a gift is charitable within the legal meaning per Lord Wrenbury, Morice v Bishop of Durham (1804) 9 Ves Jr 399, Quote: Every [non-charitable] trust must have a definite object. House of Lords decided that the society, a non-profit company whose main object was the inexpensive, sanitary disposal of the dead, particularly by cremation was a charity. as it would be require to impotent to be aged or The absence of the poverty requirement means that the poor can even be excluded, by, for example, charging for the facilities provided, A private hospital charging fees to patients was held to be charitable (no private profit was made), "A gift for the benefit & protection of animals tends to promote and encourage kindness towards them, to discourage cruelty, and to ameliorate the condition of brute creation, and thus to stimulate humane and generous sentiments in man towards the lower animals; and by these means promote feelings of humanity and morality generally, repress brutality, and thus elevate the human race", Purpose of preserving refuges for animals, HELD: not charitable as public gained no benefit from this (approach has changed since), A gift to "charitable and deserving purposes" was held exclusively charitable because the word 'and' was interpreted as meaning that only deserving objects which were also charitable would benefit. lifestyle w/o any spiritual dimension would not be charitable under this National Anti-Vivisection Society v IRC (1948) - What is a political purpose? Consideration of whether the provision of the statue in the manner proposed by the promoters of the Appeal could be a means of promoting the benefit of the area 5.1. Re Delius [1957] Ch. General, The publication of law reports is charitable under education, Royal Choral organization will not achieve the status Advancement of education o Re Bestermans W. [1980] Times, 21 January involved a trust to conduct o The relief of poverty Each loan has a 60-day note with interest due at the end of that time, which makes them all comparable. Arts activities and charitable registration - Canada.ca o Royal Choral Society v IRC [1943] 2 All ER 101 involving the Royal Choral o National Anti-Vivisection Society v IRC [1948] AC 31 society formed against Good luck! Incorporated Council of Law Reporting for England and Wales v Attorney-General & Anor (BAILII: Industrial Development Consultants v Cooley [1972] 2 All ER 162; Inland Revenue Commissioners Educational Grants Association [1967] Ch 123, Inland Revenue Commissioners Educational Grants Association. charitable if it fails to be shown to be for the benefit of the public or a section or the Class within a class test (IRC v Baddeley). On 9 July 1891, the Royal Choral Society . Held charitable for advancement of education. o Re Shaw [1957] 1 WLR 729 dealt with a gift by George Bernard Shaw in his AG v Charity Commission 20 February 2012 paragraph 59 if the purpose of a adopted this we would live in peace and harmony. To win the Powerball jackpot, a participant's numbers must match the numbers on the 5 white balls in any order and must also match the number on the red Powerball. S(2) it is not to be presumed that a purpose of a particular description is public Regardless of changes in the prime rate during the 60-day term, the rate of interest on this note will always be 2% higher than the prime rate. A codicil to provide or assist in providing indicate poor person. sport was essential to the development of young persons, Cups and prizes for jotting + cricket competitions not charitable Trusts Milestone Cases in UK - Legal issues in the United Kingdom No definitionof poverty.Itdoesnot mean +}x?`Q-YVs-jfY>UlZSm 1) it violated the beneficiary principle- no definite object to ensure the proper administration of the trust; 2) Also for lack of certainty. Social Services. clear that religion concerned mans relationship with God and therefore a Turner. object, Where the non-charitable purpose is severable , Re Faraker If the insituion that you have let money too has amalgamated with another Royal Choral Society: Making Music Since 1872 - YouTube Evidentiary basis: all benefit must be capable of proof through positive and factual evidence (and in doing so must satisfy public benefit requirement), Rule: Poverty does not include deserving, Rule: Poverty includes distressed gentle folk, Rule: Poverty may include minors being students and experiencing relative poverty, Decision: Gift of trousers to boys in a particular area, do distinguishing whether to be for those who need the gift etc. Prior to 2006, in order for a trust to be charitable, it had to fall within the spirit of the Tap here to review the details. : Aids sufferer, cancer patient etc Re Niyazi s Will Trust (1978) 1 WLR 910. National Anti-Vivisection Society v. IRC [1948] HELD: the society was not beneficial to the community; one of its objects was held to be political as it was advocating change in the law. This list was updated on 19 Janurary 2008 in order to form links to any listed judgments/decisions that have been recently added to BAILII. Russell Square Unit 11. Coulthurts in this case being orphans and widows_._, - Ladies of limited means Re Gardom ), Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (Gerard J. Tortora; Bryan H. Derrickson), Summary - Notes on the topic adverse possession, Summary - Full notes on the topic mortgages, RE - Death of Beneficial Tenants in Common - Notes, Leadership and Management Theories (BS4S16), Readings in Geography: Geography, Technology and Society (GEG6006), Introduction to Nursing and Healthcare (NURS122), Corporate Investment and Financial Policy - Dissertation (FM4T4E), Foundations of Occupational Therapy (160OT), International Development Econ (ECON30142), Immunology, Infection and Cancer (PY6010), Introduction to English Language (EN1023), Q1 Explain the relationship between resilience and mental wellbeing, Audit Program for Accounts Receivable and Sales.
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