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Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. artillery. It was the first disarmament conference in history, and is studied by political scientists as a model for a successful disarmament movement. In 1934 there was widespread labour conflict and a bloody uprising by miners in Asturias that was suppressed by troops led by General Francisco Franco. Fascism was on the march. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. It failed in its purpose but was significant for later developments in international law. The Spanish Civil War Began on July 17th, 1936 The mutiny in July 1936 by army units stationed in Spanish Morocco was the prelude to a three-year bloody civil war. The trials were held in the city of Nuremberg, Germany, from 1945 to 1949, at the Nuremberg Palace of Justice. They assured an alliance with each other while agreeing to support each other against Allied powers. one of the most distinguished German field marshals of World War II. Proofread the following paragraphs, correcting any misspelled words or errors in the use of numbers. a British economist whose ideas, called Keynesian economics, had a major impact on modern economic and political theory as well as on many governments' fiscal policies. At first it looked as if the plan would work, but Russia was able to mobilize its army much faster than anyone had anticipated and penetrated the border of East Prussia. aircraft and Soviet military advisors. an Irish writer and poet, widely considered to be one of the most influential writers of the 20th century. The Soviet Union contributed equipment and supplies to the Republicans, who also received help from the Mexican government. The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdamn, outside Berlin, in July, 1945. The Visual Front: Posters of the Spanish Civil War; From the Southworth Spanish Civil War Collection at the University of California at San Diego. General Francisco Franco led an army from Spanish Morocco against the republic. The Nationalists were supported by Mussolinis Italy and Nazi Germany. Corrections? confused about its identity and ideology. Tsar of Russia from 1894-1917, who is largely described as being in the wrong position at the wrong time. an extended essay by Virginia Woolf. Held between Britain, America, and the USSR: *Chose Europe's west coast as point of attack instead of the Mediterranean Sea -- led to Soviet Union occupying Eastern Europe, FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta. (p. 797). TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. Much of the early research was done in New York City by refugee physicists in the United States. There were Four Irish Home Rule Bills passed by Great Britain, and they allowed for a greater amount of Irish control over Ireland. Economics During the Inter-War Years (1919-1938), Attempts at Reconciliation and Disarmament (1921-1930), The Soviet Union During the Inter-War Years (1924-1935), Eastern Europe During the Inter-War Years (1919-1938), Italian Fascism during the Inter-War Years (1919-1938), Britain During the Inter-War Years (1919-1938). English Civil War Thirty Years' War (2000) "Leadership determines the fate of a country." Evaluate this quotation in reference to Spain's experience under Philip II. Generals Goded, Mola, and Francisco Franco a cultural movement that began in the mid-1920s, and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members. Made many demands against Germany to cut down its size and to reimburse France, which had been devastated by the war. The U.S. Army in the Pacific had been pursuing an "island-hopping" campaign, moving north from Australia towards Japan. the corps-level headquarters controlling the German Panzer divisions in Libya and Egypt during the North African Campaign of World War II; the term is commonly used to refer to the headquarters plus its attached combat units. You can view our. their involvement, and hundreds of airplanes were sent, along with tanks and Picasso, who had allied himself with the Republican cause, read about the massacre of defenseless civilians and the theme of the mural for the Spanish Pavilion suddenly presented itself. The Second Balkan War was over Albania, a mainly Muslim region in the Adriatic. He was later in command of the German forces opposing the Allied cross-channel invasion at Normandy. Project for AP Euro about the Spanish Civil War. The command structure of Lesson 5 - The Spanish Civil War & the Influence of Foreign Powers: . AP euro chapter 28 Flashcards | Quizlet Its cruelty is conveyed in the coldly eloquent monochrome of Picassos painting. He imprisoned and many upon coming to power--up to a million according to some His most prominent work, it is popularly known for its extended length and the notion of involuntary memory, the most famous example being the "episode of the madeleine". The wars end brought a period of dictatorship that lasted until the mid-1970s. An elected center-left government faced a military revolt that eventually resulted in the creation of an authoritarian regime. Politically, the territories belonged to the Austrian Empire until 1918, from 1918 to 1938 to Czechoslovakia, from 1938 to 1945 to Germany, from 1945 until 1993 again to Czechoslovakia and since 1993 to the Czech Republic. Nationalists, and civilians were gunned down as they fled the scene. the German air force before and during World War II. By November 1936 the Nationalists had advanced to the outskirts of Madrid. Franco government. Spanish Civil War, (1936-39) Military revolt against the government of Spain.After the 1936 elections produced a Popular Front government supported mainly by left-wing parties, a military uprising began in garrison towns throughout Spain, led by the rebel Nationalists and supported by conservative elements in the clergy, military, and landowners as well as the fascist Falange. military Nationalists pronounced their intentions on July 17, 1936. During the interwar period, Woolf was a significant figure in London literary society and a member of the Bloomsbury Group. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. A war of attrition began. A significant leader of Ireland's struggle for independence from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in the early 20th century, and the Republican anti-Treaty opposition in the ensuing Irish Civil War, de Valera was the author of Ireland's constitution, Bunreacht na hireann. He gained notoriety chiefly for being one of the SS physicians who supervised the selection of arriving transports of prisoners, determining who was to be killed and who was to become a forced labourer, and for performing human experiments of dubious scientific value on camp inmates, amongst whom Mengele was known as the Angel of Death. It was called by the General Council of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in an unsuccessful attempt to force the government to act to prevent wage reduction and worsening conditions for coal miners. (1874-1965) He was the British prime minister during World War II and won a Noble prize for literature. Arguably one of the most important battles of WWII. respected and very professional soldier. Franco's ensuing rein was one of oppression and tradition. AP Euro Spanish Civil War - YouTube It was basically a sense of nationalism amongst the Slavic people, especially Russians, who believed that their country was destined to become a great empire. How was the Spanish Civil War a preview for World War II? Spanish Civil War - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Spain plans to open grave containing 33,000 civil war victims $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% After the 1936 elections produced a Popular Front government supported mainly by left-wing parties, a military uprising began in garrison towns throughout Spain, led by the rebel Nationalists and supported by conservative elements in the clergy, military, and landowners as well as the fascist Falange. The ship had ten guns and was bigger and faster than previous ships. a British single-seat fighter aircraft that was designed and predominantly built by Hawker Aircraft Ltd. an English novelist and essay writer who is regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the twentieth century. Think about the basics of teaching young people . The origins of the conflict and goals of the participants were complex, and no single cause can accurately be described as . It has been estimated that Picasso produced about 13,500 paintings or designs, 100,000 prints or engravings, 34,000 book illustrations and 300 sculptures or ceramics. Nationalists suffered from incompetent junior officers, but not to the same Moltke was the commanding officer in charge of the Shlieffen Plan in World War 1. It won the May 1936 legislative elections, leading to the formation of a government first headed by SFIO leader Lon Blum and exclusively composed of Radical-Socialist and SFIO ministers. Subscribe now. of the army was the most successful of the nationalist forces, and he was a The main antagonists were the Nationalists under Gen. Francisco Franco and the Republicans underFrancisco Largo Caballero and, later, Juan Negrn. More than eleven feet high and more than twenty-five feet long, it is enormous and its vast scale meant that Picasso had to use a ladder in order to paint the upper sections. By the end of 1938, Francos forces seized Catalonia; by spring 1939, Valencia and the capital of Madrid. Contact us By February 1939, 250,000 Republican soldiers, together with an equal number of civilians, had fled across the border into France. leadership. Hitler unleashed his air force or Luftwaffe, including the entire Condor Legion, which practiced in Spain the tactics it would use in the larger conflict to come. The Bosnian crisis occurred when Austria, who had made a previous agreement with Russia to support opening up the Straits for warships if Russia supported Austria. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? divided between the socialists of the extreme left and the monarchists of the The ever-cautious democracies, fearful of war, would not intervene, even to provide the Spanish government with weapons and supplies. Cause of the Spanish Civil War and its consequences Amidst this rapid political fluctuation, and in the dawn of the Spanish Civil War, came the advent of the Spanish Falange. On October 1, 1936, he was named head of state and set up a government in Burgos. The works feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions and non sequitur, a Spanish (Catalan) artist and one of the most important painters of the 20th century. 100 Years' War Four causes are a dynastic dispute, Duchy of Aquitaine (England claim as ancient inheritance, Edward III claim Aquitaine and FR throne as edest heir of Philip the Frair), civil war in FR made war longer, economic factors (Flanders wool important to ENG). The number of persons killed in the Spanish Civil War can be only roughly estimated. ammunition, and was beset by incompetent junior officers and political factions Correct the punctuation in the following sentences by placing semicolons and colons where they are needed. January 1939. Spain spent much of the 1920s under the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera, and the economic hardships caused by the Great Depression intensified polarization within the Spanish public. Both the Nationalist and Republican sides, seeing themselves as too weak to win a quick victory, turned abroad for help. Many people who believed in Pan-Slavism wanted Russia to extend its borders into the Balkans. 22 Life in the Emerging Urban Society. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. In 1936 the Spanish Civil War began. The government of Spain's Socialist Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez has started the process to open up a mass grave containing the remains of more than 33,000 victims of the country's 1936-39 civil war. By March 28 all of the Republican armies had begun to disband and surrender, and Nationalist forces entered Madrid on that day. A well-planned military uprising began on July 17, 1936, in garrison towns throughout Spain. After the war, he was crucial in the implementation of the Marshall Plan, which greatly accelerated Western Europe's economic recovery. They laid siege to it but were unable to get beyond the University City area. https://www.britannica.com/summary/Spanish-Civil-War. He ruled a military dictatorship until his death in 1975. The ship had ten guns and was bigger and faster than previous ships. AP Euro (English Civil War) Flashcards | Quizlet The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. In the 1890s it was used by the Gaelic League, which advocates the revival of the Irish language. AP European History Terms: World War II: Ms., Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Milady - Chapter 11 - Disorders and Diseases, USCG Rules Lights & Shapes (Rules 23 & 24), Letter to the author/ editor - useful phrases. By all rights, the legitimate, elected government should have won this struggle against a handful of insurgent generals. On July 17, 1936, army officers in Spanish Morocco, North Africa, launched a revolt against the government. He was executed with his family shortly thereafter in 1918. The Civil War The military uprising started in Morocco on July 17, 1936, and quickly spread to the garrisons of metropolitan Spain. The Schlieffen Plan was constructed by Germany to deal with fighting a two-front war. a worldwide economic downturn which started in October of 1929 and lasted through most of the 1930s. The captaincy of the Nationalists was gradually assumed by General Franco, leading forces he had brought from Morocco. In August 1936, more than two dozen nations, including France . Germany also made a great contribution in the form of specialists and town remained intact. General Francisco Franco They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The Triple Entente refers to the unofficial alliance between England, France, and Russia, created to counter the alliance Triple Alliance. While Picasso expressed anger and condemnation of Franco and the Fascists through his art he did not take up arms against them. The Algeciras Conference was begun by Germany after it had tested the new French-British understanding by sending a warship to the Tangier where Kaiser William II made a speech favoring Moroccan independence. Ferried back to Spain in Italian ships, under the leadership of the general Francisco Franco, the Nationalists, as they were called, took control of the Spanish central region, which supported the rising. The alliance started to break apart in 1936, completely disbanding in 1938. Legion of about 100 planes, which was largely responsible for the Guernica One major difference setting the Nationalists apart from the Republicans was AP Euro Period 4 Review (1914-Present) | Fiveable Economists consider him one of the main founders of modern theoretical macroeconomics. Many fled Spain, becoming refugees and awaiting the toppling of the While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. As the bloody conflict escalated, the Republican The matter of how many were killed remains highly contentious; however, it is generally believed that the toll of Nationalist violence was higher. The Interwar Years (1919-1938): The Spanish Civil War (1931-1939 organization founded after World War II to promote international peace and cooperation. The Germans were far less generous, but sent the famous Condor This treaty averted war for the time being but left both the Russians and Turks dissatisfied and later was one of the causes for the First World War. When an initial military coup failed to win control of the entire country, a bloody civil war ensued, fought with great ferocity on both sides. While the European democracies stayed aloof, totalitarian powers both communist and fascist sent soldiers and supplies. Fascist and extreme-right forces responded in July 1936 with an army mutiny and coup attempt that expanded into a civil war. While ground combat was somewhat reminiscent of World War Itanks had a comparatively limited role, and lines remained fixed for months at a timeHermann Grings Luftwaffe offered a glimpse of the role that air power would play in the German blitzkrieg. led a war faction that took power in Japan in 1941. he decided to attack pearl harbor rather than yield to U.S. control. the most bloody of the comparatively few European battles American forces experienced in WWII, the 19,000 American dead, stragety of Allies in World War 2 of capturing some Japanese-held islands and going around others, Suicide attacks by bomb-laden Japanese planes, a bloody and prolonged operation on the island of Iwo Jima in which American marines landed and defeated Japanese defenders (February and March 1945). For Germany and Italy, Spain was a testing ground for new methods of tank and air warfare. A. Thomas is a very unusual author,;\overset{\textit{\color{#c34632}{;}}}{{,\\\color{#c34632}{_\wedge}}},; she wrote her first book at the age of thirteen. A succession of governmental crises culminated in the elections of February 16, 1936, which brought to power a Popular Front government supported by most of the parties of the left and opposed by the parties of the right and what remained of the centre. city in the northwest corner of France where the allied troops were trapped by the advancing Germany Army. Franco became dictator of Spain until he died in 1975. The war was an outcome of a polarization of Spanish life and politics that had developed over previous decades. Franz Ferdinand was emperor of Austria from 1896 until his death. The Entente Cordiale was an agreement between Britain and France to support each other against protests by a third nation and in which they cleared up conflicts about over-seas possessions (such as British occupation of Egypt and French penetration of Morocco). Franco's wing There were 50,000 Italian soldiers in Spain at the height of an architect, author and high-ranking Nazi German government official, sometimes called "the first architect of the Third Reich"; had a close personal relationship with Hitler. Among the most notable artistic responses to the war were the novels Mans Hope (1938) by Andr Malraux, Adventures of a Young Man (1939) by John Dos Passos, and For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) by Ernest Hemingway; George Orwells memoir Homage to Catalonia (1938); Pablo Picassos painting Guernica (1937); and Robert Capas photograph Death of a Loyalist Soldier, Spain (1936). Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. held at the Anfa Hotel in Casablanca, Morocco, from January 14 to 24, 1943, to plan the European strategy of the Allies during World War II. Purchasing a series of trials most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military and economic leadership of Nazi Germany. The Spanish-American War (article) | Khan Academy This occupation cost the French the good will of the United Kingdom and the United States, who presumably thought this was too harsh an action and not warranted by the circumstances. Term Paper, AP European History Class, April 2007 Table of Contents I. The Nationalists, as the rebels were called, received aid from Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. France During the Inter-War Years (1919-1938). Teaching the ALBA curriculum: The Spanish Civil War in AP European She was a theorist of the Social Democratic Party of the Kingdom of Poland, later becoming involved in the German SPD, followed by the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany. During the first weeks of the war, the Popular Front government of France also supported the Republicans, but internal opposition forced a change of policy. Spanish Civil War - AP European History military problems similar to those of the Republicans. Both sides repressed opposition; together, they executed or assassinated more than 50,000 suspected enemies to their respective causes. Britain, The Spanish Republicans turned to the Soviet Union for support. steadily waned. - Chevy Chase, SNL . Ap Euro Dbq. He supported the rebels against the It was a breeding ground for mass atrocities. a German SS officer and a physician in the Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau. The Three Emperor's League consisted of Francis Joseph of Austria-Hungary, William I of Germany, and Alexander II of Russia but was formed mainly by Julius Andrssy, Bismarck, and Prince Gorchakov to keep peace between Austria-Hungary and Russia and to keep the conservative European forces together. In the Spanish Civil War, service for Spaniards living abroad was optional and would have involved a voluntary return to the country to join either side. .And Generalismo Franco Franco is still dead. He sought to introduce mathematics into philosophy, and rejected ambiguities of languages applied to morals and values. Initial Nationalist zone July 1936 a 20th century garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music and literature. It began in the United States and quickly spread to Europe and every part of the world, with devastating effects in both industrialized countries and those which export raw materials. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% largest of the Nazi German concentration camps. This was created by Winston Churchill and President Franklin D. Roosevelt in a secret conference. Following the end of the Spanish civil war in 1939, the bodies of 1,700 Republicans -soldiers, civilians, people caught in the wrong place at the wrong time - were carted through the centre. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. extreme right. His analysis and critique of the European and German soul use modernized German and Biblical stories, as well as the ideas of Goethe, Nietzsche, and Schopenhauer, One of a group of intellectual philosophers of the 1920's in Vienna who believed in logical positivism. tanks, superior to the German Mark IIs, arrived in October, along with advanced A British army general who defeated the Germans at El Alamein in Egypt, and began pursuing them westward. This body drafted a liberal constitution granting universal suffrage, basic freedoms, separation of Church and state, secular control of mass education, and the nationalization of church property. (one code per order). He was a skilled draftsman, best known for the striking, bizarre, and beautiful images in his surrealist work. Nationally, representatives supposedly devised the country's plans for Italy's economic self-sufficiency. violence and anarchy which reigned in the streets of Spain. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The Civil War took place because the rising was successful only in Old Castile, in Navarra, where Carlist support was decisive, and, of the larger towns, in Zaragoza, Sevilla, Crdoba, Valladolid, and Cdiz. a military strategy used in a WWII where the Allies bombed the Japanese for days on end with the goal of weakening their defenses and bringing them to a surrender (which they never do). In response, France, under Poincar, occupied the Ruhr Area. Some production of the Hurricane was carried out in Canada by the Canada Car and Foundry Co Ltd. estimates. AP Euro. His German allies pursued their experiments. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin discussed the future of Europe but their failure to reach meaningful agreements soon led to the onset of the Cold War. one of the major German-language fiction writers of the 20th century. About 40,000 foreigners fought on the Republican side in the International Brigades largely under the command of the Comintern, and 20,000 others served in medical or auxiliary units. creating and saving your own notes as you read. Italian system of the 1930's that broke economic life into 22 areas. City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on August 6, 1945. It developed as a short but highly significant artistic movement between about 1907 and 1914 in France. Labor unrest was widespread in the early 1930s, and the election of February 16, 1936, brought to power a leftist Popular Front government. AP European History Textbook . a document that is an attempt to control king (Charles I) included: -no taxes unless approved by Parliament -no forced loans, no martial law in peacetime, no imprisonment without trial, no quartering of soldiers -KING NOT ABOVE LAW Charles agreed to the petition only because he needed the money lead up to Civil War Republicans was the presence of the International Brigades. adjective. French politician, was the Prime Minister of France three times: from 1936 to 1937, for one month in 1938, and from December 1946 to January 1947. How was the Spanish Civil War a preview for World War II? Ch. 28 AP Euro Vocab Terms Flashcards | Quizlet A naval base in Hawaii that was bombed by japan on December 7, 1941, which forced America to enter the war, Town in Egypt, site of the victory by Britain's Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery over German forces led by General Erwin Rommel (the 'Desert Fox') in 1942-1943. Sarmad Kako 7th period DBQ Essay The Thirty Years War devastated all of Europe from 1618-1648. These treaties preserved peace during the 1920s but are also credited with enabling the rise of the Japanese Empire as a naval power leading up to World War II. political idealism. The Spanish Civil War (18 July 1936 - 1 April 1939) was a civil war between Republicans and Nationalists. Code name for the U.S. effort during World War II to produce the atomic bomb. Her most famous works are documentary propaganda films for the German Nazi Party. great quantity. boredom, disillusionment, or a desire for adventure as often as genuine Government of the unoccupied part of France after the countries defeat by Germany, French general and statesman who became very popular during World War II as the leader of the Free French forces in exile (1890-1970). The league was shaken twiceonce by the Congress of Berlin and again when the Balkans became disputed againbut remained until the forming of the Triple Alliance. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. Within months Barcelona would fall, and on March 28, 1939, some 200,000 Nationalist troops entered Madrid unopposed. That it did not has to do with the behavior of the onlooker European nations. He was later in command of the German forces opposing the Allied cross-channel invasion at Normandy. the killing of all the 11 million Jews of Europe, a process now known as the Holocaust. The disestablishment of the Roman Catholic Church was one platform on which nearly all agreed. Quiz & Worksheet - The Spanish Civil War | Study.com Between these extremes were other groups covering the political spectrum from monarchism and conservatism through liberalism to socialism, including a small communist movement divided among followers of the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and his archrival, Leon Trotsky.