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We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. ; Hill, C.A. The first study into suitable resistance for the test was the one carried out by Evans et al. [, Lastly, it is important to take into account whether or not to perform stretchingstatic in this casein the heating protocol since passive stretching after heating on a cyclo-ergometer significantly reduces the power generated later in the WAT [, Warm-up protocols may have significantly different impacts on PP during the WAT. To determine vertical jumping power. Since then, it has undergone modifications and has also been used as a basis to design newer tests of a similar nature (3), and other running-based protocols such as the Sprint Interval Test (4). With sufficient duration of intake and sufficient dosage, it seems that it produces improvements. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11167417, Castaeda-Babarro A. PDF WINGATE ANAEROBIC TEST - Educational Athletics There are a few methods of determining stamina, according to the Mayo Clinic. Hosick, P.A. ; As, H.; Vardarli, E. The Test-retest reliability of new generation power indices of Wingate all-out test. Before we look at the Wingate test in a little more detail, what exactly is anaerobic power? The original version of the WAT recorded the following activities [. ; Faigenbaum, A.D.; Ross, R.; Kang, J.; Stout, J.R.; Wise, J.A. Patton, J.; Murphy, M.; Frederick, F. Maximal power outputs during the Wingate anaerobic test. Cross-validation of the 20- versus 30-s Wingate anaerobic test. It seems that for untrained subjects in this type of test, a submaximal warm-up (510 min) could be enough to obtain their best performance, while in trained subjects, it would be recommended to perform some high-intensity exercise after the submaximal warm-up. The problem is that there are 2 different types of advantages and disadvantages essays, each requiring a different approach. Maud, P.J. Testing and measurement are the means of collecting information upon which subsequent performance evaluations and decisions are made.In the analysis, we need to consider factors influence the results.. [. The test is currently applied with some modifications, partly due to the evolution of the material used to perform it. Nonparametric tests preserve the significance level of the test regardless of the distribution of the data in the parent population. Paragraph 1 - Describe an advantage. To measure your forearm girth. You don't have to worry about traveling to work on public transport, which can be very stressful, and you can often manage your time more efficiently according to your own routine. The acute effects of static stretching compared to dynamic stretching with and without an active warm up on anaerobic performance. Occup. Official Partners ; Mitchell, T.L. [, Supplementation with -alanine could be an important nutritional strategy, as it was shown that Carnosine causes a buffer effect on hydrogen ions, improving the pH range of the active muscle, and preventing or reducing fatigue [, In a study on college football players (highly trained athletes) in which the subjects were supplemented with 4.5 g of -alanine over 30 days, there was no performance improvement in a 60 s WAT [, However, in research evaluating the performance of 18 female football players following 30 days of supplementation with -alanine at a rate of 2.4 g per day, an improvement in the WAT was observed at PP and MP. The Wingate Anaerobic Test, a Narrative Review of the Protocol Variables That Affect the Results Obtained. ; Brinkman, M. Muscle metabolism during 30, 60 and 90 s of maximal cycling on an air-braked ergometer. Lericollais, R.; Gauthier, A.; Bessot, N.; Davenne, D. Diurnal evolution of cycling biomechanical parameters during a 60-s Wingate test. Zajac, A.; Jarzabek, R.; Waskiewicz, Z. The Wingate is one of the most popular and valid laboratory fitness tests used worldwide. 1. Can Aerobic and anaerobic power be measured in a 60-second maximal test? Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. After the warm-up and before starting the test: a 3 min break; Men: 5 min with a 2% resistance of total body weight, perform three sprints of 5 s each at minutes 23 and 4 with a 6.6% resistance of total weight. The effect of bicycle crank-length variation upon power performance. 2021; 11(16):7417. ; Navalta, J.W. Effect of listening to music on Wingate Anaerobic test performance. ; Gonzlez-Badillo, J.J.; Garca, I.; pik, V.; Psuke, M. Effects of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on performance and perceptual responses in a laboratory-simulated BMX cycling qualification series. Wingate ANaerobic cycle Test. MDPI and/or ; Schabort, E.J. ; Hannigan-Downs, K. Practice effect of the Wingate anaerobic test. [. It only reflects an assessment of current abilities, which can be improved over time. # Disadvantages are :- * Strenuous * Not a 'pure' test of anything - - typically underestimates true neuromuscular power. Wingate's ACT score code: 3176. ; Inman, C.L. We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience. One of the main advantages of working from home is the amount of freedom you have. The Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) has been used extensively to evaluate performance in soccer, however, a comprehensive sport-specific normative database has not been available so far. ; Walter, A.A.; Graef, J.L. Indeed, there are reviews conducted for only one of the many variables discussed in this paper [. The Wingate is one of the most popular and valid laboratory fitness tests The following table shows the most important variables investigated and their effect on the performance of the WAT (, One of the biggest disadvantages of the WAT is the sequelae that can be caused by the high acidosis reached due to the large glycolytic component of the same [, In order to use the 30 s test duration to evaluate competitive cyclists who had to compete in events longer than 30 s, but which still required a significant anaerobic component, Carey et al. Santos, E.L.; Novaes, J.S. 3. As the start requires near maximal cadence, such high leg turnover prevents . Computer and testing software (preferred, but not essential). McLester, J.; Green, J.; Chouinard, J. This problem has been solved! - chegg.com Edwards, A.M.; Dutton-Challis, L.; Cottrell, D.; Guy, J.H. A large amount of literature published on this test suggests that there will be several variables to consider and many factors that must be controlled before carrying out the test in order to obtain reliable and replicable results. ; Maze, S.B. Vargas, N.T. As an example, we do not take any responsibility for any injury or illness caused during any test administration. WU Ballantyne. Less is more: Standard warm-up causes fatigue and less warm-up permits greater cycling power output. Analysis of Seated and Standing Triple Wingate Tests. Greer, F.; Morales, J.; Coles, M. Wingate performance and surface EMG frequency variables are not affected by caffeine ingestion. Afsari, M.; Ramezanpour, M.R. Comparison of two maximal anaerobic cycling tests. Relationships among measurements of explosive strength and anaerobic power. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. ; Fatouros, I.G. [. ; Reis, V.; Giannellaneto, A. ; Beltz, N.M.; Dalleck, L.D. It should be noted that some studies only gather data on PP and MP during the test and that all studies assess the effect of the gene on performance by taking into account PP and MP. KAAP430-L5a Lab Report - KAAP 430 Measurement of Muscular Strength Originally based on the Cummings test, this test was developed at the Wingate Institute in Israel during the early 1970s. The Turing Test: Advantages and Disadvantages. A comparison of power outputs with rolling and stationary starts in the Wingate anaerobic test. wingate test advantages and disadvantages - meerkatparade.com Anderson, D.E. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Content Marketing 2022-11-09. The participant should begin cycling at 60rpm for approximately 10-seconds with no weight. Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test - RAST - BrianMac Sport Sci. A longer time to reach PP will indicate subjects with fewer possibilities to recruit muscle fibres and motor units in a faster and more coordinated manner, demonstrating poor capacity for this type of work. [. The Wingate anaerobic test: An update on methodology, reliability and validity. Bradley, A.L. This is your heart rate in beats per minute (BPM). Fifteen healthy subjects performed a WAT on a mechanical resistance cyclo-ergometer and a magnetic resistance cyclo-ergometer, with no difference being found between the two in terms of PP. A secondary aim was to examine the relationship of WAnT with two common field . Disadvantages and Challenges of Test Automation. The Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAT) has been widely used since its creation in 1974. Effect of Nicotine and Muscle Performance Using a Wingate Anaerobic Test on Collegiate Football Players. You are accessing a machine-readable page. Caffeine, performance, and metabolism during repeated Wingate exercise tests. [, The application of different stretching techniques before performing the WAT was also studied by Franco et al. Wingate Anaerobic Test Peak Power and Anaerobic Capacity ; German, R.E. ; de Paz, J.A. Birch, R.; Noble, D.; Greenhaff, P. The influence of dietary creatine supplementation on performance during repeated bouts of maximal isokinetic cycling in man. Jodra, P.; Domnguez, R.; Snchez-Oliver, A.J. Sport, Help us to further improve by taking part in this short 5 minute survey, A Top-N Movie Recommendation Framework Based on Deep Neural Network with Heterogeneous Modeling, Global Position Analysis during Official Elite Female Beach Volleyball Competition: A Pilot Study, The Numerical Investigation of Structural Strength Assessment of LNG CCS by Sloshing Impacts Based on Multiphase Fluid Model, Applied Physiology and High-Performance Sport: Challenges, Solutions, and Future Directions, https://www.jsc-journal.com/index.php/JSC/article/view/275, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Adjust the duration between 610 s and 4560 s depending on the variable to be evaluated (PP, MP, FI) and the fitness level of the subjects, An amount of 0.075 kg/kg is insufficient and should be adjusted according to variables such as gender, physical condition and weight, For untrained subjects, a submaximal warm-up (510 min) could be enough; in trained subjects, performing some high-intensity exercise after the submaximal warm-up could be recommended. Vertical Jump Test Explained: Normative Data & Considerations The Wingate Anaerobic Test, a Narrative Review of the Protocol - MDPI Del Coso, J.; Lara, B.; Ruiz-Moreno, C.; Salinero, J.J. Koch, M.; Frhlich, M.; Emrich, E.; Urhausen, A. Forceis the weight added to the flywheel in kilograms. Advantages and Disadvantages of Fitness Tests by Danny Bidwell - Prezi Ph.D. Thesis, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada, 1979. Wang, J.; Qiu, J.; Yi, L.; Hou, Z.; Benardot, D.; Cao, W. Effect of sodium bicarbonate ingestion during 6 weeks of HIIT on anaerobic performance of college students. Advantages and Disadvantages of Wind Energy test. The Effects of Thermal Dehydration on Performance of The Wingate Test of Anaerobic Power. Ayalon, A.; Inbar, O.; Bar-Or, O. Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled. Physiol. Acute effects of static stretching on Wingate testing in men. school, home, gym etc. Lavoie, N.; Dallaire, J.; Brayne, S.; Barrett, D. Anaerobic testing using the Wingate and Evans-Quinney protocols with and without toe stirrups. [, The size of the chain or chainring used is also a variable that may modify the results obtained in the WAT. The Wingate Test for Anaerobic Power - Sport Fitness Advisor The testing team can assists the software development team by detecting the mistakes made by them. Contact Us What are the strengths and weaknesses of psychometric testin positive feedback from the reviewers. Patton, J.F. Glaister, M.; Muniz-Pumares, D.; Patterson, S.D. You don't need many people to help you with this test, in fact you can do it by yourself! This procedure was used to reduce any error associated with the work required to accelerate the flywheel. The following values are all commonly used during a Wingate Anaerobic test: This should be calculated every 5-seconds of the test (providing a total of 6 PPOs). ABSTRACT The Wingate anaerobic test can be used in an exercise training program as a powerful training stimulus for producing metabolic and performance enhancements. This website is maintained by College of Education. wingate test advantages and disadvantages - heernproperties.com 211 East Wilson Street Wingate, NC 28174 Mail Room. The Wingate test is a 30-second, all-out sprint on a stationary cycle against a braking torque. Test Advantages Disadvantages; Body Composition or Anthropometrics: Height/weight: Simple: Takes no account of muscle mass: Body mass index: Simple: . Advantages: (a) Sit and reach flexibility test requires one specialised box only. Although the test was originally designed with a jump-start, i.e., before starting the test, the subjects were asked to start pedalling as quickly as possible (without a load). Listen to the language they use to discuss advantages and disadvantages and practise saying the useful phrases. [, Regarding the effect of the use of oval plates in the WAT, Meyers et al. When a parametric family is appropriate, the price one . Mendez-Villanueva, A.; Bishop, D.; Hamer, P. Reproducibility of a 6-s maximal cycling sprint test. 4. Advantages. The Turing Test comes with many advantages. MacIntosh, B.R. Hazell, TJ; MacPherson, REK; Gravelle, BMR; Lemon, PWR (2010). ok, K.; Gkbel, H.; Okudan, N. The load of the Wingate test: According to the body weight or lean body mass. Vandewalle, H.; Prs, G.; Monod, H. Standard anaerobic exercise tests. First off, studies show that young children pick up languages better than teenagers. Tossavainen, M.; Nummela, A.; Paavolainen, L.; Mero, A.; Rusko, H. Comparison of two maximal anaerobic cycling tests. Appl. Disclaimer/Publishers Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely The Wingate test, also known as the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WANT), was developed at the Wingate Institute, in Israel, during the 1970s. Small on GaysTryst Scientific Studies. Earnest, C.P. Meier, J. ; Saunders, B.; Ball, G.; Harris, R.C. Hernndez-Belmonte, A.; Buenda-Romero, A.; Martnez-Cava, A.; Courel-Ibez, J.; Mora-Rodrguez, R.; Pallars, J.G. Thus, the Wingate Anaerobic test can be used as a valid and reliable predictor of anaerobic capacity and power. Reliability and validity of a 20-s alternative to the wingate anaerobic test in team sport male athletes. Masters Thesis, Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA, USA, 2016. They can also have their own disadvantages, as we shall explore [] ; Domnguez, R. Effects of caffeine supplementation on physical performance and mood dimensions in elite and trained-recreational athletes. Validity of the running anaerobic sprint test for assessing anaerobic These include: Advantages of performing the vertical jump test. Effects of Beetroot juice supplementation on a 30-s high-intensity inertial cycle ergometer test. Stickley, C.D. The effect of acute caffeine ingestion on upper and lower body anaerobic exercise performance. The Wingate anaerobic test is the most extensively used test for assessing human muscle capacity to generate power from anaerobic energy systems (11,14,25,35). Consequently, the duration of warm-up and the following recovery interval when practising or assessing activities requiring powerful lower limb muscle contractions must be taken into account [, In the case of track cyclists, Tomaras et al. Casey, A.; Constantin-Teodosiu, D.; Howell, S.; Hultman, E.; Greenhaff, P. Creatine ingestion favorably affects performance and muscle metabolism during maximal exercise in humans. ; Tallon, M.J.; Dunnett, M.; Boobis, L.; Coakley, J.; Kim, H.J. Linossier, M.T. those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). A Feature The Wingate Anaerobic Test, a Narrative Review of the Protocol Variables That Affect the Results Obtained. This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience possible. Murphy, M.M. ; Matthews, E.L. Furthermore, it seems that the initial recommendation of 0.075 kg/kg is insufficient and should be adjusted according to variables such as gender, physical condition and weight (the subjects lean mass and especially the subjects lower body lean mass). [, By administering a force equivalent to 0.5 J/rev/kg higher or lower than the optimum, it underestimates the average power by only 3 to 5% in the men and women who performed the test [, Other authors make certain contributions regarding the resistance applied in the test; ok et al. ACT AND SAT CODES. The magnetic cyclo-ergometer provides clearly different performance measurements, albeit giving rise to WAT results that may be used to evaluate anaerobic fitness [, Ozkaya O. et al. Related to this, MacIntosh et al. This is quite a portable test which can be done in many places e.g. The effect of creatine monohydrate ingestion on anaerobic power indices, muscular strength and body composition. ; Trajano, G.; Costa, P.B. On the other hand, less studied variables such as the biomechanics of the bike, the material used or the time of day can change the results obtained. High levels of cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with lower risk of . Frikha, M.; Chari, N.; Gharbi, A.; Souissi, N.; Mezghanni, N. Influence of warm-up duration and recovery interval prior to exercise on anaerobic performance. and Shultz, B.B. PEmax = Pmax/mass (kg). The effect of the Wingate Anaerobic Test on NTproBNP, lactate - OAText Lara, B et al. Souissi, N.; Driss, T.; Chamari, K.; Vandewalle, H.; Davenne, D.; Gam, A.; Fillard, J.-R.; Jousselin, E. Diurnal variation in Wingate test performances: Influence of active warm-up. The effect of whole-body vibration warm-up on performance of Wingate anaerobic test. Although the author is aware that the study selection and the lack of methodological quality assessment imply a high risk of bias, due to the number of articles included in the review and the wide variety of variables covered, it was difficult to use any other type of design. The WAT involves performing a 30 s all-out cycling test. ; Nolan, S.R. While it can be used for any sport, it works best for cyclists, as it is ergometer based. Therefore, it seems that depending on what our purpose is when performing the WAT, we can adjust its duration. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The purpose of the WAT is to evaluate the availability of ATPPhosphocreatine reserves (quantity and speed) using the phosphogenic system (Phosphocreatine) and glycolytic metabolism by measuring the power generated in an all-out cyclo-ergometer test (exercise performed at maximum intensity without distribution of effort from start to finish) [, In retrospect, since its origins as a measure of anaerobic power and capacity in 1974, the WAT has gained wide acceptance as an important assessment test to determine anaerobic performance. Are yo-yo tests the gold standard of cricketers' fitness? Making the The test administrator should count down 3 2 1 GO!. Circadian rhythms in exercise performance: Implications for hormonal and muscular adaptation. Positioning of elliptical chainrings during Wingate testingA repeated measures case study. Experiments in human ergometry as applied to the design of human powered vehicles. Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for In Nelson, RC; Morehouse, CA. Myth 1: Tests Results are Definitive. This should be backed by practical points, and the examples would be even better. well as fatigue index. Since its inception in the early 1970s, the Wingate test has undergone several variations as researchers attempt to diversify the uses and specificity of the test. The test administrator should countdown the final 3-seconds of the test 3 2 1 STOP. ; Kavanagh, M.F. Please send your ACT/SAT/CLT standardized test score report with your application. When compared to other sources of energy like oil and gas, wind energy has the potential to last for a longer time and ensure undisrupted supply. ; Maines, J.M. ; Ludlow, A.T.; Sheaff, A.K. Eliminates software bugs, defects, and failures. A study by Jacobs et al. ; LeGrand, S.E. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11167417, Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, You can make submissions to other journals. The result is given in w/kg; Mean power: The average power reached over 30 s. This value represents the capacity to produce energy through the ATP-PCr system and glycolytic metabolism-anaerobic capacity; Mean relative power: This value is obtained by dividing average power by the weight of the subject. More data are certainly needed to build an optimal heat input protocol for the WAT, and this may depend on factors such as subjects age and general health and on climate features. (2011). the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, Hanson, E.D. Bar-Or, O. Fontana P, Betschon K, Boutellier U, Toigo M (2011) Cardiac output but not stroke volume is similar in a Wingate and VO2peak test in young men. Poprzcki, S.; Zajc, A.; Wower, B.; Cholewa, J. Anaerobic tests are divided into tests measuring anaerobic power and anaerobic capacity. The Wingate Anaerobic 30 cycle Test (WANT) was developed during the 1970s at the Wingate Institute in Israel and is used to determine an athlete's peak anaerobic power and anaerobic capacity (Inbar et al. For example, in a study conducted on nine active subjects who were given 6 mg/kg body weight of caffeine, Greer, F. et al. These values are vital factors in sports which demand short-duration maximal efforts. The test is also known as the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WANT), and was developed at the Wingate Institute in Israel during the 1970's. purpose: the aim of this test is to measure the anaerobic power of the lower body. Kikuchi, N.; Fuku, N.; Matsumoto, R.; Matsumoto, S.; Murakami, H.; Miyachi, M.; Nakazato, K. The Association Between MCT1 T1470A Polymorphism and Power-Oriented Athletic Performance. Gender comparisons in anaerobic power and anaerobic capacity tests. wingate test advantages and disadvantageshow does science help us in everyday life wingate test advantages and disadvantages. ; Bar-Or, O.; Karlsson, J.; Dotan, R. Lactate in human skeletal muscle after 10 and 30 s of supramaximal exercise. These modifications include: It is important to note that whenever fitness testing is performed, it must be done so in a consistent environment (i.e. However, today, most authors carry out the test with stopped output, as cyclo-ergometers and data collection systems are very different. Requires fitness and coordination. This procedure was used to reduce any error associated with the work required to accelerate the flywheel. Pennington, C. Determining the anaerobic power output differences between the genders in untrained adults. Instead, the Wingate test has been compared with laboratory findings, sports performances, and sports specialty to verify its validity as a testing protocol, and the results of this research indicate that it is an accurate and validity indicator of these measures (2). [, Lastly, it is important to note that improvements in WAT results with caffeine supplementation are observed in both trained and untrained subjects. All rights reserved. Greer, F; McLean; Graham, T. E. (1998). Odland, L.M. J Sports Sci Med 14: 834-840. Santos, EL; Novaes, JS; Reis, VM; Giannella-Neto, A (2010). Anderson, D.E. An evaluation of tests of anaerobic power. Increases in power in the Wingate test ranged from 31-75 W. We did not find significant group condition . Short-term mediterranean diet improves endurance exercise performance: A randomized-sequence crossover trial. Required Resources 1996). Objective The rotor pedaling system improves anaerobic but not aerobic cycling performance in professional cyclists. Bullinger, D.L. Improves the quality of the software. By conducting a brief review of the genes related to performance so far in the WAT, we obtained the following results (, Except for the ACTN3 gene, which seems to have a contradictory bibliography [. wingate test advantages and disadvantages June 15, 2022 in gangster hideouts in wisconsin Blog by He also has a masters degree in strength and conditioning and is a NSCA certified strength and conditioning coach. In its simplest form, this test can be conducted using only a Monark or Bodyguard cycle ergometer and a . Standing and seated Wingate protocols in human cycling. No special After the warm-up and before starting the test: a 3 min break. While they can be time-consuming and expensive, they have their advantages, like giving you deeper insights into the candidate or avoiding costly mistakes when hiring someone. As a result, this particular test may be a useful assessment tool for athletes who compete in sports of a similar nature. Before the start of the test, it is important to ensure you have the following items: Figure 1 displays the test configuration for the Wingate test, this setup must be adhered to if accurate and reliable data is desired. advantages and disadvantages involved in this type of testing. Although the vertical jump test is simple, easy, and quick to perform, there are numerous disadvantages to the test as well. Effect of seven days of beta-alanine supplementation on cycle ergometer wingate test performance. Disadvantages Of Vertical Jump Test. ; Signorelli, G.R. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Test weight (kg) = body weight in kg * 0.075. permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. 4202 E. Fowler AvenueTampa, FL 33612, USA813-974-3400. torque. If the correct size bench isn't used its unreliable. We also attempted to establish a link between running ability and performance as measured by the WAnT. ; Robergs, R.A.; Klopp, D.M. Craig, N.P. [, The amount of lean body mass is one of the most important performance variables in the test, and when expressed in absolute values, the PP of a WAT is significantly lower in women. The WAT involves performing a 30 s "all-out" cycling test. Meyers, A.C.; Pohlig, R.T.; Hopkins, J.Q. Doma, K.; Leicht, A.S.; Schumann, M.; Nagata, A.; Senzaki, K.; Woods, C.E. Check and record your pulse by placing two fingers on the inside of your wrist right underneath the hand. It is important to remember that different values are obtained from the WAT-peak power, fatigue index and average power, among others. Acute effects of three different stretching protocols on the wingate test performance. Timeis measured in seconds or minutes (5 seconds or 0.0833 minutes). Bar-Or, O (1987). After the warm-up and before starting the test: a 3 min break; Men: 5 min with a 2% resistance of total body weight, perform three sprints of 5 s each at minutes 23 and 4 with a 4.1% resistance of total weight. Results and discussion: It was observed that variables such as the duration of the test or the resistance used in the cycle ergometer must be adjusted according to the objective and the population evaluated, while others such as the warm-up or the supplementation of different substances can improve performance on the WAT. Richmond, S.R. ; Sale, C.; Wise, J.A. The strength originally suggested by the Wingate group was based on a study of a small group of young untrained individuals and has since been found to be too low or insufficient for most adults. ; Gkbel, H.; Kara, M.; ok, K.; Cikriki, E.; Ergene, N. Comparison of the aerobic contributions to Wingate anaerobic tests performed with two different loads. Caffeine, performance, and metabolism during repeated Wingate exercise tests. The following section provides brief reviews of other studies related to variables that may influence the goodness of the outcomes of the WAT, as well as the power data results obtained: Performing the WAT in a seated or standing position: McLester et al.